
*corresponding author
AbstractIncreased integration of doubly fed induction wind generators (DFIWG), power sector deregulation, rising energy demands, and technological breakthroughs are all contributing to the rapid advancement of modern energy infrastructure. These advancements, nevertheless, pose serious challenges to maintaining fault ride-through capability (FRTC) in DFIWG. Thus, this work proposes a novel FRTC enhancement method that uses a crowbar system with a class topper optimization (CTO) based control technique. The crowbar system and DFIWG are integrated with the investigated system to achieve FRTC, reduce injected harmonic distortion, and maintain the DC link voltage (DCLV) below the permitted level. Additionally, the system has a DCLV control system that uses a CTO-PI controller to maintain an enclosure DCLV, which enhances crowbar performance. The findings demonstrated that when a CTO-based controller is employed, the DFIWG system reacts slightly better to angular speed, active and reactive power, DCLV, and generator speed. The MATLAB/Simulink scenarios used to test the suggested system show that it can achieve FRTC and allow for a high penetration potential of DFIWG.
KeywordsGrid Faults; Class Topper Optimization; Power Quality; DFIG; Wind Energy
|
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v5i1.1694 |
Article metrics10.31763/ijrcs.v5i1.1694 Abstract views : 79 | PDF views : 28 |
Cite |
Full Text![]() |
References
[1] B. Krishna Ponukumati et al., “Evolving fault diagnosis scheme for unbalanced distribution network using fast normalized cross-correlation technique,†PLoS One, vol. 19, no. 10, p. e0305407, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305407.
[2] B. S. Atia et al., “Applications of Kepler Algorithm-Based Controller for DC Chopper: Towards Stabilizing Wind Driven PMSGs under Nonstandard Voltages,†Sustainability , vol. 16, no. 7, p. 2952, 2024, https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072952.
[3] A. M et al., “Prediction of Optimum Operating Parameters to Enhance the Performance of PEMFC Using Machine Learning Algorithms,†Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987241290535.
[4] H. Abdelfattah et al., “Optimal controller design for reactor core power stabilization in a pressurized water reactor: Applications of gold rush algorithm,†PLoS One, vol. 19, no. 1, p. e0296987, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296987.
[5] F. Menzri, T. Boutabba, I. Benlaloui, H. Bawayan, M. I. Mosaad, and M. M. Mahmoud, “Applications of hybrid SMC and FLC for augmentation of MPPT method in a wind-PV-battery configuration,†Wind Engineering, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 1186-1202, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X241254364.
[6] N. Benalia et al., “Enhancing electric vehicle charging performance through series-series topology resonance-coupled wireless power transfer,†PLoS One, vol. 19, no. 3, p. e0300550, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300550.
[7] M. Awad et al., “A review of water electrolysis for green hydrogen generation considering PV/wind/hybrid/hydropower/geothermal/tidal and wave/biogas energy systems, economic analysis, and its application,†Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 87, pp. 213–239, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.12.032.
[8] M. M. Mahmoud, M. Khalid Ratib, M. M. Aly, and A. M. M. Abdel-Rahim, “Wind-driven permanent magnet synchronous generators connected to a power grid: Existing perspective and future aspects,†Wind Engineering, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 189–199, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X211022728.
[9] M. M. Mahmoud, B. S. Atia, A. Y. Abdelaziz, and N. A. N. Aldin, “Dynamic Performance Assessment of PMSG and DFIG-Based WECS with the Support of Manta Ray Foraging Optimizer Considering MPPT, Pitch Control, and FRT Capability Issues,†Processes, vol. 12, no. 10, p. 2723, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122723.
[10] S. R. K. Joga et al., “Applications of tunable-Q factor wavelet transform and AdaBoost classier for identification of high impedance faults: Towards the reliability of electrical distribution systems,†Energy Exploration & Exploitation, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 2017-2055, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987241260949.
[11] N. F. Ibrahim, A. Alkuhayli, A. Beroual, U. Khaled, and M. M. Mahmoud, “Enhancing the Functionality of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in a Distant Egyptian Region Using an Optimized Dynamic Voltage Restorer : Application of Artificial Rabbits Optimization,†Sensors, vol. 23, no. 16, p. 7146, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167146.
[12] H. Miloudi et al., "Electromagnetic Compatibility Characterization of Start-Capacitor Single-Phase Induction Motor," IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 2313-2326, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3349018.
[13] M. M. Mahmoud, “Improved current control loops in wind side converter with the support of wild horse optimizer for enhancing the dynamic performance of PMSG-based wind generation system,†International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 952–966, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1080/02286203.2022.2139128.
[14] N. F. Ibrahim et al., "Operation of Grid-Connected PV System With ANN-Based MPPT and an Optimized LCL Filter Using GRG Algorithm for Enhanced Power Quality," IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 106859-106876, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3317980.
[15] N. F. Ibrahim et al., “Multiport Converter Utility Interface with a High-Frequency Link for Interfacing Clean Energy Sources (PVWindFuel Cell) and Battery to the Power System: Application of the HHA Algorithm,†Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 18, p. 13716, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813716.
[16] I. E. Maysse et al., "Nonlinear Observer-Based Controller Design for VSC-Based HVDC Transmission Systems Under Uncertainties," IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 124014-124030, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3330440.
[17] M. K. Döşoğlu, “Enhancement of LVRT Capability in DFIG-Based Wind Turbines with STATCOM and Supercapacitor,†Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 2529, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032529.
[18] H. Mahvash and S. A. Taher, “A look-up table based approach for fault ride-through capability enhancement of a grid connected DFIG wind turbine,†Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 10, pp. 128–140, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2016.12.001.
[19] H. Boudjemai et al., “Application of a Novel Synergetic Control for Optimal Power Extraction of a Small-Scale Wind Generation System with Variable Loads and Wind Speeds,†Symmetry, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 369, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15020369.
[20] M. M. Mahmoud et al., “Integration of Wind Systems with SVC and STATCOM during Various Events to Achieve FRT Capability and Voltage Stability: Towards the Reliability of Modern Power Systems,†International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 2023, no. 1, pp. 1-28, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8738460.
[21] F. K. A. Lima, A. Luna, P. Rodriguez, E. H. Watanabe and F. Blaabjerg, "Rotor Voltage Dynamics in the Doubly Fed Induction Generator During Grid Faults," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 118-130, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2009.2025651.
[22] S. R. Mosayyebi, S. H. Shahalami and H. Mojallali, "Fault Ride-Through Capability Improvement in a DFIG-Based Wind Turbine using Modified ADRC," Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1-37, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-022-00272-9.
[23] S. Saeed, R. Asghar, F. Mehmood, H. Saleem, B. Azeem, and Z. Ullah, “Evaluating a Hybrid Circuit Topology for Fault-Ride through in DFIG-Based Wind Turbines,†Sensors, vol. 22, no. 23, p. 9314, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239314.
[24] L. V. Dai, “A Novel Protection Method to Enhance the Grid-Connected Capability of DFIG based on Wind Turbines,†IETE Journal of Research, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 2047-2063, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2022.2163925.
[25] K. Gireeshma and S. Chandramohan, “Enhancing LVRT capability of DFIG using cooperative control of BTFCL and RPC,†Automatika, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 51–62, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2022.2098108.
[26] K. Jayasawal and K. Thapa, “An Enhanced Low Voltage Ride-Through Control Scheme of a DIFG based WTG Using Crowbar and Braking Chopper,†Journal of the Institute of Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 61–67, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3126/jie.v16i1.36537.
[27] Z. Rafiee, S. S. Najafi, M. Rafiee, M. R. Aghamohammadi, and M. Pourgholi, “Optimized control of Coordinated Series Resistive Limiter and SMES for improving LVRT using TVC in DFIG-base wind farm,†Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications, vol. 570, p. 1353607, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2020.1353607.
[28] N. F. Ibrahim et al., “A new adaptive MPPT technique using an improved INC algorithm supported by fuzzy self-tuning controller for a grid-linked photovoltaic system,†PLoS One, vol. 18, no. 11, p. e0293613, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293613.
[29] M. M. Mahmoud et al., “Application of Whale Optimization Algorithm Based FOPI Controllers for STATCOM and UPQC to Mitigate Harmonics and Voltage Instability in Modern Distribution Power Grids,†Axioms, vol. 12, no. 5, p. 420, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12050420.
[30] A. Chakraborty and T. Maity, “Integrated control algorithm for fast and accurate detection of the voltage sag with low voltage ride-through (LVRT) enhancement for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines,†Control Engineering Practice, vol. 131, p. 105393, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2022.105393.
[31] P. S. Flannery and G. Venkataramanan, "A Fault Tolerant Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbine Using a Parallel Grid Side Rectifier and Series Grid Side Converter," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1126-1135, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2008.921179.
[32] A. E. Leon, J. M. Mauricio and J. A. Solsona, "Fault Ride-Through Enhancement of DFIG-Based Wind Generation Considering Unbalanced and Distorted Conditions," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 775-783, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2012.2204756.
[33] R. Cardenas, R. Pena, S. Alepuz and G. Asher, "Overview of Control Systems for the Operation of DFIGs in Wind Energy Applications," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 2776-2798, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2013.2243372.
[34] N. A. N. Aldin, W. S. E. Abdellatif, Z. M. S. Elbarbary, A. I. Omar and M. M. Mahmoud, "Robust Speed Controller for PMSG Wind System Based on Harris Hawks Optimization via Wind Speed Estimation: A Real Case Study," IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 5929-5943, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3234996.
[35] M. Benbouzid, B. Beltran, Y. Amirat, G. Yao, J. Han, and H. Mangel, “Second-order sliding mode control for DFIG-based wind turbines fault ride-through capability enhancement,†ISA Transactions, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 827–833, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2014.01.006.
[36] M. J. Hossain, T. K. Saha, N. Mithulananthan and H. R. Pota, "Control Strategies for Augmenting LVRT Capability of DFIGs in Interconnected Power Systems," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2510-2522, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2012.2228141.
[37] S. Swain and P. K. Ray, “Short circuit fault analysis in a grid connected DFIG based wind energy system with active crowbar protection circuit for ridethrough capability and power quality improvement,†International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 84, pp. 64–75, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.05.006.
[38] M. M. Mahmoud et al., “Evaluation and Comparison of Different Methods for Improving Fault Ride-Through Capability in Grid-Tied Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind Generators,†International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 2023, no. 1, pp. 1-22, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7717070.
[39] D. Zhu, X. Zou, S. Zhou, W. Dong, Y. Kang and J. Hu, "Feedforward Current References Control for DFIG-Based Wind Turbine to Improve Transient Control Performance During Grid Faults," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 670-681, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2017.2779864.
[40] J. Mohammadi, S. Vaez-Zadeh, E. Ebrahimzadeh, and F. Blaabjerg, “Combined control method for grid-side converter of doubly fed induction generatorbased wind energy conversion systems,†IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 943–952, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2017.0539.
[41] A. R. Nair, R. Bhattarai, M. Smith and S. Kamalasadan, "Parametrically Robust Identification Based Sensorless Control Approach for Doubly Fed Induction Generator," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 1024-1034, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2020.3035339.
[42] M. Firouzi, M. Nasiri, S. Mobayen, and G. B. Gharehpetian, “Sliding Mode Controller-Based BFCL for Fault Ride-Through Performance Enhancement of DFIG-Based Wind Turbines,†Complexity, vol. 2020, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1259539.
[43] M. R. Shafiee, H. S. Kartijkolaie, M. Firouzi, S. Mobayen, and A. Fekih, “A Dynamic Multi-Cell FCL to Improve the Fault Ride through Capability of DFIG-Based Wind Farms,†Energies, vol. 13, no. 22, pp. 60–71, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/en13226071.
[44] B. Wadawa, Y. Errami, A. Obbadi, and S. Sahnoun, “Robustification of the H∞ controller combined with fuzzy logic and PI&PID-Fd for hybrid control of Wind Energy Conversion System Connected to the Power Grid Based on DFIG,†Energy Reports, vol. 7, pp. 7539–7571, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.10.120.
[45] H. Chojaa et al., “Nonlinear Control Strategies for Enhancing the Performance of DFIG-Based WECS under a Real Wind Profile,†Energies, vol. 15, no. 18, p. 6650, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186650.
[46] F. Shiravani, J. A. Cortajarena, P. Alkorta, and O. Barambones, “Generalized Predictive Control Scheme for a Wind Turbine System,†Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 14, p. 8865, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148865.
[47] M. B. Tuka and S. M. Endale, “Analysis of Doubly Fed Induction Generator-based wind turbine system for fault ride through capability investigations,†Wind Engineering, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 1132–1150, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X231186762.
[48] L. Simon, J. Ravishankar, and K. S. Swarup, “Coordinated reactive power and crow bar control for DFIG-based wind turbines for power oscillation damping,†Wind Engineering, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 95–113, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X18780385.
[49] A. Dendouga, A. Dendouga, and N. Essounbouli, “High performance of variable-pitch wind system based on a direct matrix converter-fed DFIG using third order sliding mode control,†Wind Engineering, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 325–348, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X231199435.
[50] A. M. A. Haidar, K. M. Muttaqi and M. T. Hagh, "A Coordinated Control Approach for DC link and Rotor Crowbars to Improve Fault Ride-Through of DFIG-Based Wind Turbine," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 4073-4086, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2017.2686341.
[51] Y. Ling, “A fault ride through scheme for doubly fed induction generator wind turbine,†Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 71–79, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/1448837X.2018.1525172.
[52] J. Yin, X. Huang, and W. Qian, “Analysis and research on short-circuit current characteristics and grid access faults of wind farms with multi-type fans,†Energy Reports, vol. 11, pp. 1161–1170, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.12.046.
[53] O. P. Mahela, N. Gupta, M. Khosravy and N. Patel, "Comprehensive Overview of Low Voltage Ride Through Methods of Grid Integrated Wind Generator," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 99299-99326, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2930413.
[54] R. Hiremath and T. Moger, “Comprehensive review on low voltage ride through capability of wind turbine generators,†International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1-39, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/2050-7038.12524.
[55] L. Yuan, K. Meng, J. Huang, Z. Yang Dong, W. Zhang, and X. Xie, “Development of HVRT and LVRT control strategy for pmsg-based wind turbine generators,†Energies, vol. 13, no. 20, p. 5442, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/en13205442.
[56] M. M. Mahmoud, M. M. Aly, H. S. Salama, and A. M. M. Abdel-Rahim, “An internal parallel capacitor control strategy for DC-link voltage stabilization of PMSG-based wind turbine under various fault conditions,†Wind Engineering, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 983-992, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X211060684.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohamed Metwally Mahmoud, Amany Fayz Ali Ahmed, Usama Khaled, Ahmed M. Ewias

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
About the Journal | Journal Policies | Author | Information |
International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems
e-ISSN: 2775-2658
Website: https://pubs2.ascee.org/index.php/IJRCS
Email: ijrcs@ascee.org
Organized by: Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE), Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan and Kuliah Teknik Elektro
Published by: Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE)
Office: Jalan Janti, Karangjambe 130B, Banguntapan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia