(Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia)(2) Ej Syamsy Asriya
(Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia)*corresponding author
AbstractThis papera aims to describe how international communication dynamics of America to response of Arab Spring. Arab Spring is an event that shocked the world when the Middle East flared up. The demonstrators took to the streets to demand an authoritarian regime downgrade and replace it with democracy. The democratization process that took place in the Middle East was in the world spotlight. America is considered a country that intervenes so that democratization can be realized in the Middle East. This is supported by various American interests in the Middle East. By using research library data search methods, the authors get the results of the form of intervention carried out by America to realize democratization in the Middle East. KeywordsArab Spring; Middle East; Democracy; Strategy; United States
|
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.31763/ijcs.v1i2.37 |
Article metrics10.31763/ijcs.v1i2.37 Abstract views : 3559 | PDF views : 730 |
Cite |
Full Text Download
|
References
H. Wangke, “‘Arab Spring’ Dan Perebutan Pengaruh di Suriah,” J. Polit., vol. Vol 3, pp. 001–161, 2012.
A. V. Korotayev and J. V. Zinkina, “Egyptian revolution: a demographic structural analysis,” Entelequia - Rev. Interdiscip., vol. 13, no. primavera 2011, pp. 139–170, 2011.
H. Sahrasad, “ARAB SPRING: PERUBAHAN REZIM DAN TEGANGAN HUBUNGAN AS – DUNIA ARAB REFLEKSI SOSIO-HISTORIS,” J. C. Vol. VI Nomor 1, Ed. Januari - Juni 2013, vol. VI, pp. 36–54, 2013.
B. Juliandi, “Wakaf dan Politik di Tunisia,” AHKAM Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 137–144, 2016.
M. Fakhry Ghafur, “Agama Dan Demokrasi : Munculnya Kekuatan Politik Islam Di Tunisia, Mesir Dan Libya 1 Religion and Democracy : the Emergence of the Power of Political Islam in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya,” J. Penelit. Polit., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 85–100, 2014.
M. Muttaqien, “Arab Spring: Dimensi Domestik, Regional dan Global,” J. Glob. Strateg., vol. 9, no. 2, p. 262, 2018.
S. Jatmika, “The Arab Spring 2010: Puncak Gunung Es Krisis Politik di Kawasan Timur Tengah,” J. Hub. Int., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 157–166, 2016.
U. N. Yogyakarta, “Konflik di Suriah pada Masa Bashar al- Assad Pada Tahun 2011-2015,” konflik di suriah, 2016.
M. Konflik, T. Tengah, T. G. Politik, J. Politik, and P. Volume, “Memetakan Konflik di Timur Tengah (Tinjauan Geografi Politik) Jurnal Politik Profetik Volume 1 Nomor1 Tahun 2013,” vol. 1, 2013.
S. E. Yasmine, “Arab Spring : Islam dalam gerakan sosial dan demokrasi Timur Tengah Arab Spring : Islam within social movement and democracy in the Middle,” Masyarakat, Kebud. dan Polit., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 110–112, 2015.
B. J. Cook and M. Stathis, “Democracy and Islam: promises and perils for the Arab Spring protests,” J. Glob. Responsib., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 175–186, 2012.
K. M. Hakiki, “Islam dan Demokrasi: Pandangan Intelektual Muslim dan Penerapannya di Indonesia,” Wawasan J. Ilm. Agama dan Sos. Budaya, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–17, 2016.
E. D. Mansfield and B. M. Pollins, “Interdependence and Conflict: An Introduction,” Econ. Interdepend. Int. Confl. New Perspect. an Endur. Debate, pp. 1–28, 2003.
A. Rangkuti, “Demokrasi dalam Pandangan Islam dan Barat,” J. Ilm. Penegakan Huk., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 49–59, 2019.
I. IRAWAN, “Al-Tawassut waal-I‘tidal: Menjawab Tantangan Liberalisme dan Konservatisme Islam,” Afkaruna, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 49–74, 2019.
L. W. P. T. Utama Firmanda, “Hegemoni Amerika Serikat Terhadap Arah Kebijakan Arab Saudi dalam Konflik Yaman Pasca Arab Spring 2011-2017,” J. ICMES, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 25–44, 2017.
A. Setiawan, “Diplomatic Dilemma dan Standar Ganda Politik Amerika Serikat terhadap Konflik SipilMiliter Mesir Tahun 2013,” JOM FISIP, vol. 2, no. SGEM2016 Conference Proceedings, ISBN 978-619-7105-16-2 / ISSN 1314-2704, pp. 1–39, 2013.
N. Endowment, D. Address, and M. East, “National Endowment for Democracy Address on the Middle East,” Chamb. Commer., no. November, pp. 1–8, 2003.
E. J. Girdner, “Operation Iraqi Freedom: Invasion, Occupation and Consolidation of US Hegemony in Iraq,” Punjab J. Polit., vol. 28 (2), pp. 1–31, 2004.
E. J. GIRDNER, “the Greater Middle East Initiative: Regime Change, Neoliberalism and Us Global Hegemony,” Milletleraras, pp. 001–035, 2005.
the washinton post, “Text of President Bush’s 2003 State of the Union Address,” Washinton DC, 2003.
K. Jaya, “Venezuela’s communication dynamics in rejection of humanitarian assistance from United States of America,” Int. J. Commun. Soc., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26–33, 2019.
D. Neep, “Dilemmas of Democratization in the Middle East,” Middle East Policy, vol. VOL. XI, N, pp. 73–84, 2003.
D. Darwis, “Kerangka Kebijakan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat Terhadap Timur Tengah Pasca Arab Spring,” 23 Juni 2015, 2015.
M. Dunne, “The baby, the bathwater, and the freedom agenda in the Middle East,” Wash. Q., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 129–141, 2009.
B. W. Adi, “Peningkatan Keterlibatan Amerika Serikat di Era Kepemimpinan Obama Dalam Konflik Suriah,” Repos. umy, pp. 1–24, 2018.
A. H. Cordesman, “Lebanese Security and the Hezbollah,” Cent. Strateg. Int. Stud., vol. 1, no. 202, pp. 1–38, 2006.
M. East and J. Choucair, “Lebanon: Finding a Path from Deadlock to Democracy,” Carnegie Endow. Int. Peace, no. 64, pp. 1–20, 2006.
D. Darwis, “Kebangkitan Gerakan Politik Islam dalam Pergolakan Suriah Menurut Persepsi Amerika Serikay ( Studi Kasus : Persepsi AS terhadap Jabhat Al-Nusrah di Suriah ),” 2003.
F. F. Lotan, “Making a positive internet through Socmed Agawe Guyub,” Int. J. Commun. Soc., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 2019.
D. Fadillah, L. Zhenglin, and D. Hao, “Social Media and General Elections in Malaysia 2018 and Indonesia 2019,” J. Komun. ISKI, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2019.
Uspal Jandevi, “New media for increasing political participation in Indonesia,” Int. J. Commun. Soc., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2019.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Fika Nurislamia, Ej Syamsy Asriya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
International Journal of Communication and Society
ISSN 2684-9267
Published by Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE)
W : http://pubs2.ascee.org/index.php/ijcs
E : dani@ascee.org
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.